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One can envision an open coil spring, with each loop being one cycle of the scientific method - cette application, and each complete cycle indicating an increase in our knowledge of the system under study.  In the United States a cette application approach is usually associated with a sizeable project involving numerous people's time, and thus managers want to see large 'breakthrough' improvements to justify the effort expended.  When a pass through these four steps does not result in the need to improve, the scope to which cette application is applied may be refined to plan and improve with more detail in the next iteration of the cycle.  cette application should be repeatedly implemented in spirals of increasing knowledge of the system that converge on the ultimate goal, each cycle closer than the previous.  cette application (plan–do–check–act) is an iterative four-step management method used in business for the control and continuous improvement of processes and products.  However, the scientific method and cette application apply to all sorts of projects and improvement activities.  Especially at the start of a project, key information may not be known; the cette application—scientific method—provides feedback to justify our guesses (hypotheses) and increase our knowledge.  Charting data can make this much easier to see trends over several cette application cycles and in order to convert the collected data into information.  cette application allows for major 'jumps' in performance ('breakthroughs' often desired in a Western approach), as well as Kaizen (frequent small improvements).  Certainly, the cette application approach can bring us closer to whatever goal we choose.  Study the actual results (measured and collected in "DO" above) and compare against the expected results (targets or goals from the "PLAN") to ascertain any differences.  Establish the objectives and processes necessary to deliver results in accordance with the expected output (the target or goals).  Determine where to apply changes that will include improvement of the process or product.  It is also known as the Deming circle/cycle/wheel,Shewhart cycle, control circle/cycle, or plan–do–study–act (PDSA).  With the improved knowledge, we may choose to refine or alter the goal (ideal state).  By establishing output expectations, the completeness and accuracy of the specification is also a part of the targeted improvement.  Request corrective actions on significant differences between actual and planned results.  This approach is based on the belief that our knowledge and skills are limited, but improving.  Rate of change, that is, rate of improvement, is a key competitive factor in today's world.  Collect data for charting and analysis in the following "CHECK" and "ACT" steps.  When possible start on a small scale to test possible effects.  Rather than enter "analysis paralysis" to get it perfect the first time, it is better to be approximately right than exactly wrong.  Implement the plan, execute the process, make the product.  Analyse the differences to determine their root causes.  Information is what you need for the next step "ACT".